Statistics

You can activate the 'ZOOM' option in the tab 'ANALYSE' - 'Statistics' tab in the 'Filtering' section by clicking on the funnel-shaped icon on the upper right. This function enables users to see different filtered statistical analyses by clicking on the cell with the chosen answer of any of the variables. For example, we can see the statistical analysis of the men’s answers just by clicking on the cell with the number of men and the application will automatically perform the needed analysis of the male respondents.

Another possibility offered in the 'ZOOM' settings is the redirection after clicking on the variable frequency to the 'Insight into individual units' and 'Insight into surveys in a selected group' in the 'DATA' - 'Browse' tab with one click, where we can limit the number of the displayed (questions) variables.

A very important sub-function of the 'ZOOM' settings is the so-called 'Whoisthis?' function, which displays all units (with all of the answers) in a given cell. The function 'Whoisthis?' appears when you click the cell with the frequency at the top of the page, next to the created condition.

Example:

We would like to analyze people between the ages of 20 and 29. In the table, which shows the frequency responses for all ages, click on the frequency of a respondent that falls into this age category and the application will perform the analysis only for this age group. The set condition is displayed above the tables.

If you want to view units with all the answers that fall into this age category, then click on the 'Whoisthis?' function. The application will redirect you to the 'Insight into individuals units' tab, where you can view the individual units.

In addition to the 'Whoisthis?' option, you can manually set the conditions for the desired answer with the option 'Edit' on the left side.

Some of the functionalities described are only available for users of the 2KA and 3KA packages for individuals, and for users of the business packages for groups.

If you click on the 'ANALYSE' – 'Statistics' tab and choose 'Summary' from the 'Select:' drop-down menu, you will see an analysis of your survey, which includes a tabular analysis of all the questions in the survey. The results are a combination of descriptive statistics, frequencies and averages for the numeric variables.

Although 1KA already automatically determines the variable type, you can specify whether the variable is nominal or ordinal in the top right of each table.

2KA and 3KA package users as well as users of the business packages for groups can export the whole summary and each individual table to PDF, MS Word or MS Excel formats. These users can also analyse statistics with advanced analysis options and filter them according to segments, zoom, groups, variables, conditions, missing values, time period and unit status.

The analysis settings are located in the upper right corner in the form of a 'wheel' icon. Here you can set:

• Basic analysis view:
  • Among other things, you can specify which types of questions and categories are displayed (categories, category other, numbers, text questions) - all are displayed by default.
• Basic analysis settings:
  • Decimal settings.
• Chart settings:
  • Alignment,
  • Font size,
  • Position of numerus,
  • Display average on the chart.

Some of the functionalities described are only available for users of the 2KA and 3KA packages for individuals, and for users of the business packages for groups.

If you click on the 'ANALYSIS' – 'Statistics' tab and select 'Means' from the 'Select:' dropdown menu, an average is generated over the categorical variable or the independent variable with categories, which you can compare with the dependent variable, which we recommend to be numeric.

In the first option, you select the independent variable (categorical) from the drop-down list, and in the second option, you select the dependent variable (numerical). The system generates a table with the averages by category and the number of all units in the survey. To display the results in graphical form, enable the 'Show graphs' option to the right of the drop-down menus.

2KA and 3KA package users as well as users of the business packages for groups can export the means table to PDF, MS Word or MS Excel formats. These users can also analyse statistics with advanced analysis options and filter them according to segments, zoom, groups, variables, conditions, missing values, time period and unit status.

The analysis settings are located in the upper right corner in the form of a 'wheel' icon. Here you can set:

• Basic analysis view:
  • Among other things, you can specify which types of questions and categories are displayed (categories, category other, numbers, text questions) - all are displayed by default.
• Basic analysis settings:
  • Decimal settings.
• Chart settings:
  • Alignment,
  • Font size,
  • Position of numerus,
  • Display average on the chart.

Some of the functionalities described are only available for users of the 2KA and 3KA packages for individuals, and for users of the business packages for groups.

In the 'ANALYSE' – 'Statistics' tab, you have the option of choosing 'Descriptives' from the 'Select' dropdown menu, which will generate a table with all of the questions from your survey.

The table includes the name of the variable or category, the question with answers, the number of valid units, and the number of all units. The table also displays the average/percent, standard deviation, minimum and maximum, according to the type of variable.

Each individual table can be viewed in a new window, with options for descriptive statistics, base frequencies and graphs. For ordinal variables, it is also possible to select summed frequencies or complemented frequencies. All these additional options can be accessed by clicking on the three dots below the question label (e.g. Q1, Q2, gender, etc.).

2KA and 3KA package users as well as users of the business packages for groups can export each table to PDF, MS Word or MS Excel formats. These users can also analyse statistics with advanced analysis options and filter them according to segments, zoom, groups, variables, conditions, missing values, time period and unit status.

The analysis settings are located in the upper right corner in the form of a 'wheel' icon. Here you can set:

• Basic analysis view:
  • Among other things, you can specify which types of questions and categories are displayed (categories, category other, numbers, text questions) - all are displayed by default.
• Basic analysis settings:
  • Decimal settings.
• Chart settings:
  • Alignment,
  • Font size,
  • Position of numerus,
  • Display average on the chart.

Some of the functionalities described are only available for users of the 2KA and 3KA packages for individuals, and for users of the business packages for groups.

By selecting 'Frequencies' from the 'Select' dropdown menu in the 'ANALYSE' – 'Statistics' tab, summary tables of all the survey variables are generated.

Each table lists the frequencies of responses and percentages, as well as a valid percentage, which shows the distribution of responses only for those respondents who answered the selected question. Additional statistics are generated according to the variable type; with ordinal variables, the average and standard deviation are also generated. The type of variable can be easily changed for each table (upper right corner above the table).

Each individual table can be viewed in a new window, with options for descriptive statistics, base frequencies and graphs. For ordinal variables, it is also possible to select summed frequencies or complemented frequencies. All these additional options can be accessed by clicking on the three dots below the question label (e.g. Q1, Q2, gender, etc.).

2KA and 3KA package users as well as users of the business packages for groups can export each table to PDF, MS Word or MS Excel formats. These users can also analyse statistics with advanced analysis options and filter them according to segments, zoom, groups, variables, conditions, missing values, time period and unit status.

The analysis settings are located in the upper right corner in the form of a 'wheel' icon. Here you can set:

• Basic analysis view:
  • Among other things, you can specify which types of questions and categories are displayed (categories, category other, numbers, text questions) - all are displayed by default.
• Basic analysis settings:
  • Decimal settings.
• Chart settings:
  • Alignment,
  • Font size,
  • Position of numerus,
  • Display average on the chart.

Some of the functionalities described are only available for users of the 2KA and 3KA packages for individuals, and for users of the business packages for groups.

In the advanced analysis options, you can analyse the data by segments, groups, variables, conditions, missing values, dates, statuses, and you can also use the ZOOM option. 

Several advanced analyses can be performed in the 1KA web tool. Once the survey is completed and the data is collected, click on the 'ANALYSE' - 'Statistics' tab. In each sub-tab on the top right, you will find a 'Filter' function (funnel-shaped icon) which opens up different options for manipulating the data.

• In the 'Segments' window, you can specify the variables for which you want to split the data according to their segments, so you can do analyses for a narrower population. You can run the setting temporarily, or you can create a new profile. Example: Click on 'Segments' and you will be given the option to select the segment of the variable, e.g. 'Gender'. After clicking on the selected variable and the button to display the data, the option to select the answer appears above the list of tables. You select the answer 'Male' and the analysis is generated according to male persons;
• The 'Zoom' option allows you to filter the data according to the responses of one variable. For more information see the ZOOM manual.
• 'Groups' is an option where you can group the data according to the variables, which means that the lists of tables are displayed according to each individual response of the selected variable. A new window will open and on the left hand side you will see all the variables for which you can perform a group analysis. Select the variable you want and download it to the right-hand window. You can save the setting as a new profile, or you can just run it temporarily. An analysis will be generated for each response of the variable you have selected;
• The 'Variables' option allows you to select any variables that can be included in the analysis. From the list, deselect the variables that you do not want to be displayed and leave those that you do want to be displayed as selected. You can save the setting as a new profile, or you can just run it temporarily. The analysis for the desired variables will be performed;
• The 'Conditions' option allows you to create conditions to display the analysis according to the variables;
• 'Missing values' is an option where you can set which missing responses should be displayed and for which types of analysis;
• When running analyses, you can also set the data collection period for which you want to run the analysis. This can be done using the 'Dates' option;
• The 'Status' option allows you to select the data to analyse according to the status of the survey. First a new profile has to be created (by clicking on the 'Save as new profile' button), only then can the display of the data be adjusted according to the status.

You can also reset the 'Settings' for general analysis displays, blank questions, general analysis settings, table settings, graph settings, respondent response printouts and questionnaire printouts by clicking on the 'wheel' button located at the top right (left of the filter).

Some of the functionalities described are only available for users of the 2KA and 3KA packages for individuals, and for users of the business packages for groups.

The 'Multitables' feature, which is found in the drop-down menu in the 'ANALYSE' – 'Statistics' tab, allows you to create a multi-dimensional table with categorical variables.

You can select multiple variables. To move a variable into the table, drag it into the table below (into the 'Add variable' field). To remove a variable from the table, simply click on the blue minus sign that appears when you hover over the box where the variable name is located.

In the table settings (click on the blue wheel icon to the right of the table title) you can specify:

• display values, where you can choose between displaying the numerus, percent and sum;
• display average;
• display share.

You can export each table to PDF, MS Word or MS Excel formats. You can also analyse statistics with advanced analysis options and filter them according to segments, zoom, groups, variables, conditions, missing values, time period and unit status.

The analysis settings are located in the upper right corner in the form of a 'wheel' icon. Here you can set:

• Basic analysis view:
  • Among other things, you can specify which types of questions and categories are displayed (categories, category other, numbers, text questions) - all are displayed by default.
• Basic analysis settings:
  • Decimal settings.
• Chart settings:
  • Alignment,
  • Font size,
  • Position of numerus,
  • Display average on the chart.

The functionality is available for users of the 3KA package for individuals, and for users of the business packages for groups.

Respondents' behaviour during the survey is influenced by various factors: the complexity of the questionnaire, the respondent's ability and the respondent's motivation. In long surveys, respondents often become tired, disinterested, impatient and distracted when completing the survey. This can lead to the respondent starting to answer according to the satisficing theory. Satisficing is an alternative form of behaviour of respondents who lack engagement but still participate in the survey for various reasons (e.g. contract, rewards, feelings of shame, habit, curiosity, etc.).

Whether respondents are completing the survey on a satisficing basis can be identified through various response patterns: the choice of the first answer, the choice of the middle values, the choice of the last answer, random choices, the choice of the final and first values for matrix questions (tables) and the use of the answer 'Don't know', the time of completion of the survey, etc.

Approaches to Reducing Satisficing in Surveys

1. Before data collection:

• If possible, keep the questionnaire short, keep the questions simple and occasionally include questions where respondents are asked to explain their answer. Put the more important questions at the beginning.
• Motivation of respondents can be increased by emphasising the importance of the study.
• We make the survey easier for respondents by reducing the complexity of the wording of questions, avoiding questions about events that would be harder for respondents to recall, rewording complex questions into multiple questions, naming all answers.
• The satisficing effect can also be reduced by randomising the answers, avoiding table-type questions and questions with non-content answers.

2. During data collection:

• At the time of data collection, we can monitor the time taken to complete the survey, which, in the event that the survey is completed significantly faster than expected, indicates the possibility of satisficing-based completion. It should be borne in mind that fast completion is not necessarily an indicator of satisficing.

3. After collecting data:

• After the data collection period, we can remove answers or even whole units from the analysis (or use data insertion methods) where we observe satisficing to improve the quality of the data.

1KA allows you to create a public URL to view data and analysis. Functionality is used in application forms, voting or other short surveys.

In the 'DATA' and 'ANALYSE' tabs, there is an export icon on the top right. Select 'Public link' and 'Add new link'. 1KA generates a URL to access the database, which you can share with anyone. This way, you can keep up with the responses from respondents or new applications. To generate a public link to the analysis, the process is the same as for data.

More options for setting up a public URL:

• Access password: You can specify a password that the recipients must enter to see the data or analysis. If you leave the password field blank, then everyone who receives a link will be able to access it without a password.
• Refresh every 15 seconds: You can set the public URL to be automatically refreshed every 15 seconds. This means that the page is reloaded every 15 seconds, thus always displaying up-to-date data. This is especially suitable for various presentations, monitoring of live voting, etc. If you do not choose this option, you need to manually reload the page to refresh the data.

Public links can be deleted by clicking on the icon on the far left - 'Delete link' in the 'Public links to data' window.

Examples:

• Public URL to database
• Public URL to analysis

The functionality is available for users of the 2KA and 3KA packages for individuals, and for users of the business packages for groups.

If you click on the 'ANALYSE' – 'Statistics' tab and select 'Break' from the drop-down menu ('Select:'), you can generate analyses based on a single independent variable.

Select the independent variable (e.g. gender) from the newly displayed drop-down list and the analysis of all the questions in the survey will be displayed in the form of bivariate tables. The results for each question are displayed according to the variable selected (e.g. each table shows the responses for each question, with answers separated by the gender of the respondent).

By default, the results are displayed as frequencies, if you want to display them as percentages then select the 'Percentage' option, and you can also choose to display the analyses as tables or graphs (option to the right of the drop-down menu).

2KA and 3KA package users as well as users of the business packages for groups can export each individual 'Break' table to PDF, MS Word or MS Excel formats. These users can also analyse statistics with advanced analysis options and filter them according to segments, zoom, groups, variables, conditions, missing values, time period and unit status.

Some of the functionalities described are only available for users of the 2KA and 3KA packages for individuals, and for users of the business packages for groups.