Uvajanje v 1KA

When creating an online survey, it is important to take into account that respondents can also access the survey via mobile devices (e.g. smartphones and tablets). In 2021, almost 60% of 1KA's respondents completed the survey via smartphone.

Therefore, when designing the questions in the survey, mobile respondents should be taken into account, both in the actual writing of the questions and in ensuring that the questions are displayed correctly regardless of the type of device used by the respondent. If surveys are not adapted to mobile devices, there may be problems related to data quality, e.g. incorrect recording of responses, satisficing, respondents skipping questions, etc. If respondents become dissatisfied, mobile respondents are much more likely to leave and not complete the survey.

To avoid these problems, PEW has developed eight recommendations for creating a survey that is also mobile-friendly:

1. Software must be optimised for mobile devices

Mobile optimisation means that the software automatically detects the device used by the respondent, in particular the screen size, and adjusts the layout of the survey accordingly. Fonts, spacing and buttons should be large enough so that respondents do not need to enlarge the screen. There should also be no horizontal scrolling, but vertical scrolling is acceptable.

2. Shorter is better

This refers to both the number of questions and the scope of the question. The longer the survey, the more likely respondents are to disengage - this is true for all types of surveys, but even more so for mobile surveys. This is because of the small screen sizes of smartphones, which can be solved by shorter questions and answers, which will make it easier for respondents to read and complete the survey, and should improve the quality of the data itself.

3. Avoid more advanced features

When creating a survey, it is important to try to keep it simple and not complicate things by including more advanced functionality such as sliders and the like. Research shows that respondents on mobile devices have difficulty using these features correctly as they require a high level of skill. It can also take more time than simpler formats. Thus, radio buttons, checkboxes or text boxes are the most recommended if possible.

4. Avoid tables

Surveys presented in table form are designed to make efficient use of space by formatting questions and response categories in a table or matrix. However, the use of tables on all devices has certain drawbacks. For example, researchers have found that with tables, respondents often choose the same, usually middle, answer for each item in the table, leading to non differentiation, also known as straightlining. This data quality problem is even more pronounced on mobile devices, as tables often require horizontal scrolling in addition to vertical scrolling, which can mean that all questions and answers may not be visible at the same time. This may cause respondents to leave the survey.

To avoid problems associated with tables, many online survey tools, including 1KA, allow you to optimize the table question type for mobile devices. More >>

5. Multiple questions on the same screen

As tables are not ideal for mobile surveys, it is better to ask multiple questions on the same screen. In the past, it was popular for online surveys to have each question on its own page or screen. However, due to slower page loading on mobile phones, this can put unnecessary strain on respondents. This can be avoided by putting questions about the same topic on the same page or screen.

6. Making the most of the smartphone screen

Smartphones have limited screen space, which makes it even more valuable. Avoid embedding logos, advertising and graphics (which also take longer to load), as this can saturate the screen. Navigation buttons should be at the bottom of the screen to force respondents to scroll past all the questions and answer options; this way they do not miss anything.

7. Survey invitations should contain a unique URL

Respondents should not be required to enter an access code or password to complete the survey. This creates another barrier to completing the survey, which is especially true for respondents on smartphones, as entering the code means that they will have to switch between the survey invitation received in their email inbox and the mobile web browser. For a better user experience, it is preferable to use individualized URLs for each respondent, so that when the respondent clicks on the URL in the invitation, the survey will open directly and the respondent can start completing the survey right away.

8. Invite respondents to complete the survey by SMS

In case we have the explicit consent of the respondents to send text messages, in addition to invitations by email, we can also send an invitation to complete the survey by SMS. We include the URL to the survey in the message and the respondent just clicks on the URL in the message.

For further reading on this topic, see the report by the American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR).

To create a more advanced questionnaire, it is good to know some of the key features or potentials of 1KA that you might not have expected, but which will make it easier for you to work with the tool:

• (IF) conditions – to option to have only certain people respond to certain questions;
• Loops – the question is repeated depending on a specific answer;
• Data piping – including the answer of a question into the text of a subsequent question;
• Comments - The use of comments is recommended in order to test the questionnaire and eliminate any potential shortcomings. Comments can be used in many different ways - they can be visible only to editors or they can be an integrated part of the questionnaire, making it open to comments from respondents. You can also enable comments for the entire questionnaire or just individual questions;
• Blocks are recommended for the creation of complex surveys, since the questionnaire is divided into specific sections, making it easier to edit as well as complete the questionnaire;
• Condensed view of the questionnaire is recommended for long and more complex questionnaires;
• Public link to access data and analysis in the case of application forms, voting or other short surveys;
• Creating a voting system, where the respondents answers a question, after which a graphical representation of all responses (i.e. vote results) is displayed;
• Respondent groups, which can be analysed without asking identification questions;
• Multi-language surveys;
• Notifications of survey completion, where you can set notifications for each received survey response, and can also set an email notification for respondents upon successful survey completion;
• Open-ended response coding;
• Computations enable the creation of various computations;
• Custom reports, where you can use custom tables or graphs and add your data interpretation;
• Website Evaluation, where the screen is divided into two parts during the survey: one is the website and the other is a questionnaire that you use to rate the website.

1. What are the restrictions on the use of questionnaires in the 1KA Public Library? Can anyone copy and use the whole questionnaire, individual parts or questions?

The questions in the public library are in principle intended for non-commercial use by all registered users of 1KA, but it is advisable to check before use if we have the underlying source, or if there are any specific restrictions on use. As a general rule, if the underlying source does not indicate any specific restrictions, the principle of "Fair use" will apply.

The 1KA website provides the questionnaires and individual questions as examples of good practice and established measurement instruments. For all questionnaires, in line with scientific practice, the sources from which the questionnaires are derived are cited in the foreword. It is also specifically mentioned if the source has any explicit restrictions or copyright protection. If the source of the questionnaire does not explicitly mention any restrictions, the questionnaire may be used for all purposes.

Users are also expected to cite questionnaires or parts of questionnaires taken from a public library appropriately.

For commercial use, rights should be further checked with the original source, which is recommended otherwise as well.

2. What does the Fair Use Principle mean?

The “Fair use” principle allows the use, copying and reproduction of copyrighted works for educational, study or research purposes, except where expressly restricted. In any case, the author and sources must be properly acknowledged.

3. How should users cite the questionnaire that they have obtained from the 1KA public library?

In general, the user is expected to explicitly cite the underlying source so that everyone can identify the author and the location of access to the source. The user may cite the source in the same way as the sources are listed in the 1KA Public Library - whether using the whole questionnaire or just a single question. The Faculty of Social Sciences uses the APA standard for citing sources. However, we also recommend checking with the copyright owner to see if they have specific instructions on how to cite sources.

Example of citing the original 1KA questionnaire:

1KA. 2015. Membership Form. Retrieved from https://www.1ka.si/a/47855 (August 2023).

Example of citing a questionnaire from the Data Archive:

Hafner Fink, Mitja, Brina Malnar, Slavko Kurdija, Samo Uhan and Janez Štebe. Slovenia, Ljubljana: University of Ljubljana, Centre for Public Opinion Research and Mass Communications [production], 2013. Slovenia, Ljubljana: University of Ljubljana, Social Science Data Archive [distribution], 2014. Retrieved from http://www.adp.fdv.uni-lj.si/opisi/sjm13 (August 2023).

Example of citing a questionnaire from a scientific publication:

Diener, Ed, Robert A. Emmons, Randy J. Larsen, & Sharon Griffin. 1985. The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment 49(1): 71-75.

Example of citing a questionnaire from the web:

Ninamedia. 2015. Vox populi. Retrieved from http://www.ninamedia.si/arhiv.php (August 2023).

4. Is 1KA legally responsible for using questionnaires from another organisation that does not cite or incorrectly cites the sources of the questionnaire?

This is a very complex area from a legal point of view. If another organisation were to submit questions without any copyright information, then most of the liability would have to be shouldered by that other organisation. In any case, the copyright owner of the questionnaire could sue anyone who did not properly cite their copyright work.

It should also be pointed out that the legal treatment of intellectual property varies from country to country. The intellectual property regime of the measurement instruments themselves and the results they produce is also unclear. We therefore advise that whenever you are in a dilemma about the use of a foreign work, you should check with the copyright owner about the use.

In the 'ANALYSE' – 'Archive' – 'Analysis archive' tab, all archives of analyses, tables or graphs that you have archived in the 'ANALYSE' tab are displayed. You can also create an archive of the current analysis on this page.

A list of archive analyses is generated along with the following information:

• name of the archive;
• comment/note;
• information about access to the archive (password, no password, only survey administrators).

When an analysis archive is created, the editor also has access to the following information:

• type of analysis (e.g. summary);
• date of archive creation;
• duration of the archive;
• archive author's email;
• email of the survey editor who made the last change to the archive;
• the option of deleting, editing and sending links to the archive.

The functionality is available for users of the 2KA and 3KA packages for individuals, and for users of the business packages for groups.

The 1KA tool is constantly being upgraded and improved. As new features are added during the upgrade process, some features may not display correctly or at all.

We therefore recommend that all users refresh and reload the website using the CTRL + F5 command.

Minor improvements can be made by deleting files and images from the cache using the CTRL + SHIFT + DELETE command:

• Mozilla Firefox
• Chrome
• Microsoft Edge
• Opera